Gingival changes during pregnancy: III. Impact of clinical, microbiological, immunological and socio-demographic factors on gingival inflammation.
نویسندگان
چکیده
AIMS To identify predictor variables involved in exacerbated gingival inflammation associated with pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this cohort study, 48 pregnant and 28 non-pregnant women without periodontitis were included. The pregnant women were evaluated in the first, second and third trimester and at 3 months postpartum, whilst the non-pregnant women were evaluated twice, with a 6-month interval. At each visit, clinical [plaque index (PlI) and gingival index (GI)], hormonal (salivary progesterone and estradiol), immunological [gingival crevicular fluid interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and prostaglandin-E(2) ] and microbiological (periodontal pathogens culture) evaluations were performed. Statistical analysis was undertaken using exhaustive chi-square automatic interaction detection (exhaustive CHAID) to analyse the predictive value of the independent outcomes to develop pregnancy GI. RESULTS PlI was the strongest predictor implicated in the GI throughout pregnancy and after delivery. During the second and third trimesters the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis significantly contributed to the worsening of gingival inflammation. When compared with the non-pregnant group, significant differences were found in TNF-α amounts and concentrations and in the third trimester site-specific GI. CONCLUSIONS Bacterial challenge to the gingival tissues, both quantitatively (PlI) and qualitatively (harbouring P. gingivalis) appears to affect the level of gingival inflammation observed during pregnancy.
منابع مشابه
Gingival Tissue and Pregnancy
During pregnancy, many changes take place in both systemic and local environments leading to a significant increase in the severity of gingivitis. In recent years, many studies have assessed the changes that occur within the gingival tissue during pregnancy and their potential impact on the foetus. Pregnancy is defined as a state that includes fertilization, implantation and embryonic and fetal...
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متن کاملGingival changes during pregnancy: I. Influence of hormonal variations on clinical and immunological parameters.
AIM To test whether exacerbated gingival inflammation in pregnancy is associated with increased salivary hormone levels and changes in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this cohort study, 48 pregnant women without periodontitis were evaluated in the first, second, and third trimesters and at 3 months postpa...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Journal of clinical periodontology
دوره 39 3 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2012